Overview
All items were answered on a 7-point scale with the following
options:
“To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following
statements?”
(-3) Strongly Disagree, (-2) Disagree, (-1) Somewhat Disagree, (0)
Neutral, (1) Somewhat Agree (2) Agree, (3) Strongly Agree
Personality
Lee and Ashton (2018)
Honesty Humility
Sincerity
- If I want something from a person I dislike, I will act very nicely
toward that person in order to get it.
- I wouldn’t use flattery to get a raise or promotion at work, even if
I thought it would succeed.
- If I want something from someone, I will laugh at that person’s
worst jokes.
- I wouldn’t pretend to like someone just to get that person to do
favors for me.
Fairness
- If I knew that I could never get caught, I would be willing to steal
a million dollars.
- I would be tempted to buy stolen property if I were financially
tight.
- I would never accept a bribe, even if it were very large.
- I’d be tempted to use counterfeit money if I were sure I could get
away with it.
Greed Avoidance
- Having a lot of money is not especially important to me.
- I would like to live in a very expensive, high-class
neighborhood.
- I would like to be seen driving around in a very expensive car.
- I would get a lot of pleasure from owning expensive luxury
goods.
Modesty
- I am an ordinary person who is no better than others.
- I wouldn’t want people to treat me as though I were superior to
them.
- I think that I am entitled to more respect than the average person
is.
- I want people to know that I am an important person of high
status.
Emotionality
Fearfulness
- I would feel afraid if I had to travel in bad weather
conditions.
- I don’t mind doing jobs that involve dangerous work.
- When it comes to physical danger, I am very fearful.
- Even in an emergency I wouldn’t feel like panicking.
Anxiety
- I sometimes can’t help worrying about little things.
- I worry a lot less than most people do.
- I rarely, if ever, have trouble sleeping due to stress or
anxiety.
- I get very anxious when waiting to hear about an important
decision.
Dependence
- When I suffer from a painful experience, I need someone to make me
feel comfortable.
- I can handle difficult situations without needing emotional support
from anyone else.
- Whenever I feel worried about something, I want to share my concern
with another person.
- I rarely discuss my problems with other people.
Sentimentality
- I feel like crying when I see other people crying.
- When someone I know well is unhappy, I can almost feel that person’s
pain myself.
- I feel strong emotions when someone close to me is going away for a
long time.
- I remain unemotional even in situations where most people get very
sentimental.
Agreeableness
Forgiveness
- I rarely hold a grudge, even against people who have badly wronged
me.
- My attitude toward people who have treated me badly is “forgive and
forget”.
- If someone has cheated me once, I will always feel suspicious of
that person.
- I find it hard to fully forgive someone who has done something mean
to me.
Gentleness
- People sometimes tell me that I am too critical of others.
- I generally accept people’s faults without complaining about
them.
- I tend to be lenient in judging other people.
- Even when people make a lot of mistakes, I rarely say anything
negative.
Flexibility
- People sometimes tell me that I’m too stubborn.
- I am usually quite flexible in my opinions when people disagree with
me.
- When people tell me that I’m wrong, my first reaction is to argue
with them.
- I find it hard to compromise with people when I really think I’m
right.
Patience
- People think of me as someone who has a quick temper.
- I rarely feel anger, even when people treat me quite badly.
- Most people tend to get angry more quickly than I do.
- I find it hard to keep my temper when people insult me.
Conscientiousness
Organization
- I clean my office or home quite frequently.
- I plan ahead and organize things, to avoid scrambling at the last
minute.
- People often joke with me about the messiness of my room or
desk.
- When working, I sometimes have difficulties due to being
disorganized.
Diligence
- When working, I often set ambitious goals for myself.
- I often push myself very hard when trying to achieve a goal.
- Often when I set a goal, I end up quitting without having reached
it.
- I do only the minimum amount of work needed to get by.
Perfectionism
- I often check my work over repeatedly to find any mistakes.
- When working on something, I don’t pay much attention to small
details.
- I always try to be accurate in my work, even at the expense of
time.
- People often call me a perfectionist.
Prudence
- I make decisions based on the feeling of the moment rather than on
careful thought.
- I make a lot of mistakes because I don’t think before I act.
- I don’t allow my impulses to govern my behavior.
- I prefer to do whatever comes to mind, rather than stick to a
plan.
Openness
Aesthetic Appreciation
- I would be quite bored by a visit to an art gallery.
- I wouldn’t spend my time reading a book of poetry.
- If I had the opportunity, I would like to attend a classical music
concert.
- Sometimes I like to just watch the wind as it blows through the
trees.
Inquisitiveness
- I’m interested in learning about the history and politics of other
countries.
- I enjoy looking at maps of different places.
- I would be very bored by a book about the history of science and
technology.
- I’ve never really enjoyed looking through an encyclopedia.
Creativeness
- I would like a job that requires following a routine rather than
being creative.
- I would enjoy creating a work of art, such as a novel, a song, or a
painting.
- People have often told me that I have a good imagination.
- I don’t think of myself as the artistic or creative type.
Unconventionality
- I think that paying attention to radical ideas is a waste of
time.
- I like people who have unconventional views.
- I think of myself as a somewhat eccentric person.
- I find it boring to discuss philosophy.
Altruism
- I have sympathy for people who are less fortunate than I am.
- I try to give generously to those in need.
- It wouldn’t bother me to harm someone I didn’t like.
- People see me as a hard-hearted person.
Need for privacy
Horizontal privacy
Psychological
Frener, Wagner, and Trepte (2021)
- I don’t like to talk about personal issues with others unless they
do it first.
- There are a lot of things about me that I don’t like to talk about
with others.
- I prefer not to share my feelings and inner thoughts with
others.
- I don’t like it when others talk to me about their private issues.
(new)
Physical
Frener, Wagner, and Trepte (2021)
- I don’t like it when strangers come too close to me.
- I don’t like to stand in a dense crowd of people.
- I don’t like to sit next to a stranger on a subway, bus, or
plane.
- I hate it when people enter my personal space uninvited. (new)
Social
Dienlin and Metzger (2019)
- I don’t feel comfortable interacting with other people. (Harrison 1993)
- I often want to be alone. (new)
- I’m a fairly anti-social person. (new)
- I prefer to work independently in most situations. (new)
Vertical privacy
Privacy from Government
Dienlin and Metzger (2019)
- I need government agencies to respect my privacy, even if that makes
catching criminals harder.
- I don’t want the government to gather data about me, even if that
makes it harder to spend tax income effectively.
- I don’t want government agencies to monitor my communication, even
if that stops terrorist attacks.
- I feel I need to protect my privacy from government agencies.
Privacy from Companies
New, self-designed.
- I’m willing to pay more for products or services so that companies
don’t have to sell my data.
- I’m happy to give up a little bit of privacy so that I can use
certain apps or services for free.
- I don’t want companies to collect data about me, even if that makes
their services worse.
- I feel I need to protect my privacy from companies.
General privacy
Privacy need anonymity
Dienlin and Metzger (2019)
- I would prefer to use a fake account on social network sites to
preserve my privacy.
- I feel I need to avoid places with video surveillance.
- I prefer not to carry my driver’s license or ID with me all the time
to preserve my privacy.
- I need to be able to surf the Internet anonymously. (new)
General Need for privacy
New, self-designed.
- I need a lot of privacy.
- Privacy is very important to me.
- I think a lot about how I can protect my privacy.
- I value privacy a lot.
Privacy other
Concerns
I’m very much concerned about my privacy in general.
Behavior
I often take safety measures to protect my privacy.
Sociodemographics
Gender
How do you describe yourself?
- Man
- Woman
- Third gender / other
Ethnicity
With what ethnicity do you identify with?
- White
- Other
Relationship status
Are you currently in a romantic partnership or relation with another
person?
- No
- Yes
College
Please indicate the highest degree you have completed
- No college degree
- College degree
Income
About how much money do you have at your disposal each month?
- < $1.000
- $1.000 - $4.000
- > $4.000
Politics
Where would you position yourself politically?
- Extremely liberal
- Liberal
- Somewhat liberal
- Neutral
- Somewhat conservative
- Conservative
- Extremely conservative
Literature
Dienlin, Tobias, and Miriam J. Metzger. 2019.
“Who Needs
Privacy?” Preprint.
https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/m23bn.
Frener, Regine, Jana Wagner, and Sabine Trepte. 2021. “Development
and Validation of the Need for Privacy Scale
(NFP-S).” In. 71st annual conference of the
International Communication Association (ICA), Denver, CO, digital
conference.
Harrison, Claire L. 1993.
“The Development of a
Desire for Privacy Scale.” ProQuest
Dissertations and Theses. PhD thesis, Ann Arbor: University of
Connecticut.
https://uaccess.univie.ac.at/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/development-desire-privacy-scale/docview/304030735/se-2?accountid=14682.
Lee, Kibeom, and Michael C. Ashton. 2018.
“Psychometric
Properties of the HEXACO-100.”
Assessment 25 (5): 543–56.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116659134.
Social Self-Esteem